QUARTER 2: April - June 2016 | USC-PRC Notes

"Promoting Health through Physical Activity"

Topics in this issue

NEWS YOU CAN USE:
ACSM Releases Online Publication, Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine
Back to Nature Network and Physicians Partner to Produce Physician Webinar on the Health Benefits of Outdoor Activities
Sidewalk Labs and Transportation for America Announce Partnership to Help Cities Solve Local Transportation Challenges with Emerging Technology
Bike to Work Day 2016, By the Numbers
Optical Illusions Offer Possible Solution to Problems with Pedestrian Crossings
Upcoming Events and Observances: July, August, September

WHAT’S HAPPENING IN WASHINGTON:
Congressional Commitment to Physical Activity Encourages Members of Congress to Be Role Models for Physically Active Individuals and Communities
Federal Highway Administration Reduces Barriers to Community Driven Transportation Design
Funding Approved for the 2017 Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) Grants

RESEARCH NOTES:
ParkIndex: Development of a Standardized Metric of Park Access for Research and Planning
Physical Activity in Relation to Urban Environments in 14 Cities Worldwide: A Cross- Sectional Study
Active Commuting and Obesity in Mid-life: Cross-sectional, Observational Evidence from UK Biobank
Leisure Time Physical Activity Associated with Reduced Risk of 26 Cancers in Adults
Testing the Efficacy of OurSpace, a Brief, Group Dynamics Based Physical Activity Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

REPORTS, SURVEYS, GUIDELINES, RESOURCES:
The Best Complete Streets Policies of 2015
Let’s Move! Active Schools Progress Report
Inactivity Pandemic Report 2016
CDC Physical Activity Infographic

PROMOTING ACTIVE COMMUNITIES:
Paris is Redesigning some of its Most Iconic Intersections to Accommodate Pedestrians
Washington D.C. Offers Low Cost Bikeshare Memberships to Low Income Individuals to Encourage Active Commuting
Hamilton County Tennessee Health Department Opens All Playgrounds for Use After School Hours
You can now Hike 67 Miles Through the Santa Monica Mountains Uninterrupted
50 Cities Selected for Invest Health

UPCOMING CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS:
July, August, September

USC PREVENTION RESEARCH CENTER UPDATE:
Sumter County on the Move! Development Manuscript Published and Walking Group Materials Available
Update from the USC PRC Core Research Project
Update from the National Physical Activity Plan
Update from the South Carolina Healthy Brain Research Network
Update from the South Carolina Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network II

NEWS YOU CAN USE:

ACSM Releases Online Publication, Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine
The American College of Sports Medicine has released a new online publication, the Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine (TJACSM), which debuted in April 2016. TJACSM publishes articles focusing on the translation of research evidence into application, policy, and practice with the purpose of applying clinical science into action in the fields of sports medicine and exercise science. Editors are now accepting submissions including original research, clinical trials, policy research, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews relevant to sports medicine, exercise physiology, and health behavior change. Articles published to date include research on crowdsourcing innovative physical activity programs in schools, wearable technology to reduce sedentary behavior, and physical activity in community lifestyle intervention programming.
[Source: Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine]

Back to Nature Network and Physicians Partner to Produce Physician Webinar on the Health Benefits of Outdoor Activities
In an effort to increase outdoor activity time and improve health, a group of nature activists with the Back to Nature Network have partnered with physicians to develop a one hour webinar focused on training health care practitioners to educate patients about scientifically backed benefits of getting outside. The webinar will include information from several peer-reviewed sources demonstrating the benefits of outdoor activity on health outcomes such as reductions in stress, obesity, hypertension, and heart disease. The development team hopes that focusing on scientific knowledge around the topic will encourage physicians to engage their patients in conversations about taking time to get back to nature to improve health. The program will be released later this year and will also be made available to other healthcare practitioners including nurses, occupational therapists, and kinesiologists, in the hopes that a multidisciplinary team of providers can encourage and support patients in changing habits to include more time with nature.
[Source: The Star]

Sidewalk Labs and Transportation for America Announce Partnership to Help Cities Solve Local Transportation Challenges with Emerging Technology
Sidewalk Labs (a technology company that works with cities to solve urban issues) and Transportation for America recently announced the development of a new partnership, aimed at helping cities understand how technology can help them meet their transportation challenges. Through the partnership, Transportation for America will launch an in-depth study on the state of current transportation policy and technology in American cities, and build a peer-learning collaborative of city leaders to define and design the “connected streets” of the future. This collaboration will help local leaders get more people where they want to go quickly and affordably, by harnessing powerful data and the availability of new digital tools. One tool that will be utilized is called Flow, a transportation coordination platform that uses analytics and messaging to help cities work with citizens to increase the efficiency of road use and parking. Flow also enables curb space to be used for safer bike-sharing based on changing conditions and demand.
[Source: Transportation for America]

Bike to Work Day 2016, By the Numbers
This year’s Bike to Work Day was a success across the nation, with a range of cities partaking in the active commute. To help track the number of riders participating in their area, Washington D.C. and parts of Virginia installed automatic bike counters to collect real-time data on foot and bike traffic at their most popular routes. Figures comparing the number of riders at each location to last year’s Bike to Work Day can be found here. Nearly all bike count locations found more riders this year and most locations saw 250% more cyclists on Bike to Work Day compared to the average May weekday. Other stories of the Bike to Work Day’s success can be found here.
[Source: Washingtonian, Bike Month]

Optical Illusions Offer Possible Solution to Problems with Pedestrian Crossings
Results from recent studies indicate that drivers do not consistently stop for pedestrians at crosswalks. To combat this issue, cities around the world have been experimenting with low-cost alternatives to traditional crosswalks, including Ahmedabad, India, where a local company has added three dimensional perspectives to crosswalks, making them appear like a barrier from a distance. The experimental designs have been deployed in areas where accidents are common, near school zones, and where there is a high volume of pedestrian traffic. Artists render the crosswalk paintings so that at a distance they appear to be a solid barrier and encourage slow braking; closer they are clearly two dimensional, which can help avoid accidents as a result of drivers braking suddenly. The new crosswalks appear to be aiding in reducing accidents at the crosswalks, likely because they encourage drivers to pay attention in high pedestrian areas.
[Source: Fast Co.]

UPCOMING EVENTS AND OBSERVANCES:

JULY
Park and Recreation Month
July 1-31, 2016

AUGUST
none

WHAT’S HAPPENING IN WASHINGTON:

Congressional Commitment to Physical Activity Encourages Members of Congress to be Role Models for Physically Active Individuals and Communities
In May, the Global Alliance for Health & Performance (GAHP) announced a plan to encourage members of congress to pledge their commitment to promote physical activity among themselves, their offices, constituents, and communities. The pledge, called the Congressional Commitment to Physical Activity, is a partnership between the GAHP and the Congressional Fitness Caucus. Members of congress who sign the pledge agree to be physically active themselves, to encourage participation in and to reduce barriers to physical activity among their staff, and to act as advocates and role models by demonstrating to their voters the importance of physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle.
[Source: American College of Sports Medicine]

Federal Highway Administration Reduces Barriers to Community Driven Transportation Design
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has finalized new street design guidelines that reduce the criteria that communities must meet when building or reconstructing roads. . These changes will give communities more autonomy in how they design streets, allowing them to meet the needs of diverse types of commuters, such as commuting cyclists and pedestrians. These changes came partially as a result of over 2,000 individuals who submitted comments to FHWA through Transportation for America, supporting efforts to develop transportation systems that meet the needs of individual communities. The FHWA also clarified that National Highway System projects are not required to follow a commonly used metric known as “level of service,” which tends to focus only on number of cars and delays experienced by vehicles. With this clarification, FHWA gave the green light to localities that want to implement a complete streets approach. Transportation agencies and engineers can broaden their measurements to more than traffic speed, to address the context of their communities when planning and redesigning local transportation, widening opportunities to encourage active transportation.
[Source: Smart Growth America]

Funding Approved for the 2017 Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) Grants
After several years of uncertain budgets and future funding, House appropriators recently approved $450 million for competitive Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) grants within the annual budget for all transportation and housing programs in year 2017. This approval represents a big change from just three years ago when the proposed Housing and Urban Development bill contained no funding for TIGER. The TIGER grant program provides the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) with funding to invest in national projects, including bicycle and pedestrian lanes. With several communities across the country lacking the funds to address their transportation needs, this program is one of the few ways that local communities can directly receive federal dollars for their priority transportation projects.
[Source: Transportation for America]

RESEARCH NOTES:

ParkIndex: Development of a Standardized Metric of Park Access for Research and Planning
Park-related research and health promotion efforts have been limited by a lack of standardized metrics for measuring park exposure. The aim of this study was to develop an empirically-derived index of park access that would allow researchers, planners, and citizens to evaluate the potential for park use in a given area, based on park availability and quality. The four main summary variables analyzed were: 1) the street network distance to the nearest park from the participant’s home address; 2) the number of parks within a 1 mile street network; 3) the amount of park space within a 1 mile street network; and 4) the average park quality index (score ranging 0-100) for all parks within a 1 mile street network of the participant’s home address. With data obtained from Kansas City, Missouri, results from this study showed that the number of parks and the average park quality index within a 1 mile street network were positively associated with park use. This ParkIndex helps to fill the gaps in this area of research by offering a standardized tool for measuring park access that combines both park availability and quality.
Source: Kaczynski A. et al. 2016. ParkIndex: Development of a standardized metric of park access for research and planning. Preventive Medicine

Physical Activity in Relation to Urban Environments in 14 Cities Worldwide: A Cross - Sectional Study
Physical inactivity contributes to millions of deaths annually through its effects on non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to document how attributes of the urban environment are related to objectively measured physical activity in an international sample of adults. Cross-sectional data from the International Physical Activity and Environment Network study were used for this paper. The large sample of 6,822 adults was from 14 cities in 10 countries from Australia, Europe, North and South America, and Asia with varied levels of walkability and socioeconomic status. The results showed that residential, intersection, and public transport density, along with the number of parks available, was significantly related to physical activity levels. Researchers also found that residents of the most activity-friendly neighborhoods got an average of 21 min/week more physical activity than those in the least activity-friendly neighborhoods (89 min/week vs. 68 min/week). These results indicate that the design of urban environments may have a substantial impact on physical activity behaviors.
Source: Sallis JF. et al. 2016. Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: a cross- sectional study. The Lancet

Active Commuting and Obesity in Mid-life: Cross-Sectional, Observational Evidence from UK Biobank
Physical inactivity is among the leading causes of obesity and premature mortality. Using objectively measured data from the UK Biobank (a large database of medical histories, biological samples, and objectively measured physical activity datafrom over 500,000 people), the aim of this study was to examine the association between active commuting and obesity in a sample of 156,666 adults aged 40-69 years. Self-reported commuting method was placed into one of seven categories to reflect typical levels of exertion, and the main outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat. Findings indicate that active commuting was significantly and independently associated with reduced BMI and percent body fat for both men and women, with a graded pattern observed across the seven commuting categories. This study was the first of potentially many to use UK Biobank data to explore the association between active commuting and obesity. Because the UK Biobank is a large study with good geographical coverage, these findings are highly generalizable and support the case for interventions to promote active travel as a population-level policy response for the prevention of obesity in mid-life.
Source: Flint E. et al. 2016. Active commuting and obesity in mid-life: cross-sectional, observational evidence from UK Biobank. The Lancet

Leisure Time Physical Activity Associated with Reduced Risk of 26 Cancers in Adults
Increases in leisure time physical activity are associated with positive health outcomes such as lower incidences of heart disease and diabetes, but less is known about the association of leisure time physical activity and cancer risk. In a recent study, researchers used data from a combination of 12 prospective cohort studies, representing over 1.4 million individuals, to examine the association of leisure time physical activity with the incidence of common cancers. Results show that high levels of leisure time physical activity were associated with a significantly reduced risk of 13 types of cancer including lung, colon, and breast. The associations were similar for individuals regardless of weight status. Smoking was identified as a confounding variable when paired with leisure time physical activity, reducing its effect, but only for lung cancer. Overall, these results indicate that leisure time physical activity is associated with a reduction in many common types of cancer. Researchers recommend that health care providers and public health experts emphasize these relationships when encouraging the benefits of leisure time activity.
Source: Moore S.C. et al. 2016. Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults. JAMA Internal Medicine

Testing the Efficacy of OurSpace, a Brief, Group Dynamics Based Physical Activity Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
In one of the first issues of the new TJACSM, researchers provide information about the role of Citizen Science, an ongoing partnership between community citizens and researchers that encourages data collection by the general public, in promoting physical activity through interactive technology. This paper provides a background on the origins of community-based science efforts in physical activity research and offers examples from several areas of research being conducted by the Stanford Health Aging Research and Technologies Solutions Laboratory in conjunction with international partners. The goal of the project is to harness available information and communication platforms and encourage positive changes that could lead to increases in physical activity. The authors offer an in-depth look at evidence-based methods to engage the public in scientific action through multiple levels of the research and implementation process. This is done with the hope of fostering a deeper understanding of science in social, community, and cultural contexts using mobile technology and strong theoretical frameworks.
Source: King A.C., et al. 2016. Leveraging Citizen Science and Information Technology for Population Physical Activity Promotion. Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine

REPORTS, SURVEYS, GUIDELINES, RESOURCES:

The Best Complete Streets Policies of 2015
Smart Growth America and the National Complete Streets Coalition have released the Best Complete Streets Policies of 2015 as a tool for local communities, coalitions, and policy makers to use as a guide for enacting Complete Streets policies. The Complete Streets approach is one that connects community and individual needs with planning, design, and transportation construction in communities in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Each year, the partnership reviews and releases the policy guide, which includes frameworks, guidelines, and language that can be used in local projects and advocacy efforts. The 2015 guide recognizes communities and policies that have pushed forward efforts to create safe access for multiuse transportation networks. The guidelines provide a framework for policy selection, scoring criteria, and examples of policy language, performance measures, and implementation steps that are a useful guide for communities advocating for Complete Streets in their own area.
[Source: Smart Growth America]

Let’s Move! Active Schools Progress Report
Three years after First Lady Michelle Obama introduced the Let’s Move! Active Schools program, the collaborative effort between schools, government, and non-profit organizations, a report has been released highlighting the impact and progress of the program. The program has enrolled close to 17,000 schools and reached more than 10 million students across the country. Key moments, activities, partnerships, and accomplishments are included in the report, and inspirational stories from several schools are provided as a framework for schools interested in participating. In addition to highlighting the strengths and accomplishments of the program, the report’s authors call for increased participation from important groups including academics, educators, policy makers, and non-profits to help increase school participation and program impact.
[Source: Let’s Move!]

Inactivity Pandemic Report 2016
Personal Health Investment Today (PHIT) recently released their annual physical inactivity pandemic report based on data collected from the Physical Activity Council study. Overall, this report indicates a decrease in physical activity in both adults and children. The percentage of Americans active at least 3 times per week has dropped to an all-time low of 31.2% of the U.S. population. Additionally, while there was an increase in casual play among children, core youth participation decreased in 17 of the 24 different team sports studied. This report also highlights how these trends have impacted the sports and fitness industry over the course of the past five years, indicating a consistent decline in merchandise sales.
[Source: PHIT America]

CDC Physical Activity Infographic
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released a new infographic, titled “Physical Activity Builds a Healthy and Strong America.” This infographic outlines the potential costs associated with physical inactivity, the impact physical inactivity has on military readiness, and how physical activity improves health. It also emphasizes the many benefits physical activity can offer the community, including its economy, safety, and workforce.
[Source: CDC]

PROMOTING ACTIVE COMMUNITIES:

Paris is Redesigning Some of its Most Iconic Intersections to Accommodate Pedestrians
One of the world’s busiest cities is now redesigning its busiest intersections for pedestrians. French transportation experts are redesigning seven major public sites to accommodate pedestrians and cyclists. The shift to prioritizing the safety of active transportation began in 2013, when Paris traffic engineers redesigned a major roadway and intersection to be a pedestrian plaza. The popularity of the redesign has encouraged additional changes to busy intersections with the goal of giving pedestrians at least half of the space in the intersection and removing lanes of traffic, often increasing green space in the process. To help design the updated intersections, Paris officials have partnered with a company to count individuals and measure foot, bicycle, and car traffic, and then will test different scenarios to determine the optimal intersection design. Formal redesigns are set to begin in 2017.
[Source: Fast Co.]

Washington D.C. Offers Low Cost Bikeshare Memberships to Low Income Individuals to Encourage Active Commuting
Washington D.C. is now offering reduced price bike share memberships to low income residents in an effort to encourage smart commuting and make transportation more accessible and affordable for low income individuals. The Capital Bikeshare membership, which costs $85 per year, is now available to qualifying individuals for $5 for a full year membership. In addition to the low cost membership, eligible individuals will receive a free bike helmet, and will be able to use bikes for up to one hour instead of 30 minutes without paying additional fees. With a price tag lower than three bus trips, organizers hope that the new program and new lower price tag will decrease barriers to active transportation for low-income populations. The program is a product of partnerships between several D.C. non-profit organizations and may soon expand to regions outside of the downtown D.C. area.
[Source: Greater Washington]

Hamilton County Tennessee Health Department Opens All Playgrounds for Use after School Hours
In an effort to increase physical activity among the residents of Chattanooga, Tennessee, the Hamilton County Health Department's Step ONE (Optimize with Nutrition and Exercise) program worked with the local Department of Education to develop an Open Use policy. This policy makes all public elementary school playgrounds available for recreation and fitness after school hours, promoting physical activity for all residents in the surrounding community. The program manager for the Step ONE program hopes that this change in community policy will help to address their health and obesity issues by getting more residents active. Acting superintendents have expressed that they are proud to be a part of this creative solution at no additional costs to the school systems.
[Source: WTVC News]

Hikers can now Trek through 67 Miles of the Santa Monica Mountains Uninterrupted
For more than 50 years, Southern Californians have petitioned for an uninterrupted trail in the sycamore canyons and sandstone peaks of the Santa Monica Mountains. Over time, the Backbone Trail, stretching 67 miles between Point Mugu State Park and Will Rogers State Historic Park, has slowly taken shape, stitched together by public funding and private donations that have led to acquisitions of land. Recently, the National Park Service closed on a 40-acre donation, officially completing the trail. The National Park Service commemorated the completion of the trail at a ceremony at Will Rogers’s state park on National Trails Day, June 4, 2016.
[Source: Los Angeles Times]

50 Cities Selected for Invest Health
The Reinvestment Fund and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) announced $3 million in awards across 50 mid-size cities in 31 states for the Invest Health initiative. This initiative is aimed at transforming how city leaders work together to help low-income communities thrive, with specific attention to community features that drive health. Examples of these features include access to places to play and exercise, safe and affordable housing, and quality jobs. Mid-size American cities face challenges with poverty, poor health, and a lack of investment. However, they also offer opportunities to implement strategies to improve health, such as community fruit and vegetable gardens and walking trails. The Invest Health program hopes to empower cities to change the way communities provide opportunities to live healthy lives by addressing the drivers of health, including jobs, housing, education, access to exercise facilities, community safety, and environmental conditions. A list of all awardees can be found here.
[Source: Invest Health]

UPCOMING CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS:

JULY

IDEA World Fitness Convention
July 13-15, 2016
Los Angeles, CA

12th Annual International Conference on Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences
July 25-28, 2016
Athens, Greece

AUGUST

NONE

SEPTEMBER

NONE

USC PRC UPDATES:

Sumter County on the Move! Development Manuscript Published and Walking
Group Materials Available
A paper describing the development of Sumter County on the Move! (SCOTM!) was published in the May issue of Evaluation and Program Planning. SCOTM! was a community-based study that used strategies for mobilizing, supporting, and reinforcing existing social networks to increase walking. Conducted in partnership with Sumter County Active Lifestyles (SCAL), leaders were recruited and formed groups (ideally 4-8 members) from their existing social networks. SCOTM! provided leadership training for walking team leaders that included strategies for staying motivated and keeping team members motivated, tips for overcoming common barriers, health and safety information, and walking resources in their community. The SCOTM! walking manuals and materials are available for download. Walking maps developed by SCAL to promote walking throughout Sumter County parks and trails are also available and could serve as an example for other areas of the country. Please visit the following site to download materials. For additional information, please contact Deborah Kinnard at KINNARDD@mailbox.sc.edu.
Source: Forthofer M., et al. 2016. Use of formative research and social network theory to develop a group walking intervention: Sumter County on the Move! Evaluation and Program Planning. Evaluation and Program Planning

Update from the USC PRC Core Research Project
The USC PRC core research project examines the dissemination & implementation of Faith, Activity, and Nutrition (FAN),a faith-based intervention to help promote changes to the church environment and policies that support physical activity and healthy eating. It represents a partnership between the USC PRC, Fairfield Behavioral Health Services, Fairfield Community Coordinating Council, the South Carolina Conference of the United Methodist Church, and Clemson University. USC PRC staff recently began the process of conducting church visits to 55 churches in Fairfield County. Throughout summer 2016, FAN staff will administer surveys to church members and will use a newly designed church environmental checklist, created by the FAN research team, to document elements of the church physical environment that impact physical activity and healthy eating. Data collected from these visits will be used to analyze the impact of the FAN program in conjunction with church staff interviews, set to begin in the fall.

Update from the National Physical Activity Plan
In April, the National Physical Activity Plan Alliance released the new 2016 National Physical Activity Plan during several events in Washington, DC. Speakers from a variety of partner organizations were there to celebrate the launch and showcase some of the important steps being taken. The revised plan includes two new sectors (faith-based settings and sport), and updated tactics for implementation of the various strategies. To view a recording of the April 20th, 2016 Press Conference visit the NPAP website. To explore the new plan click here.

Update from the South Carolina Healthy Brain Research Network
On June 7, 2016 South Carolina Healthy Brain Research Network (SC-HBRN) scholars, along with members from several partner organizations, participated in the inaugural national HBRN Scholar Webinar & Interactive Learning Session. Participants were exposed to information related to cognitive aging and dementia from both clinical and community perspectives. Presenters included Dr. Daniela Friedman, SC-HBRN principal investigator, and HBRN investigators and researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and Oregon Health & Science University. More information on the webinar can be found by clicking here.

The SC-HBRN also collaborated with Puerto Rico Department of Health partners to assess the effectiveness of an Alzheimer’s Awareness program implemented in Puerto Rico entitled Un Café por el Alzheimer. This program included an in-person educational session about the disease as well as a social media campaign. Findings from this collaborative research were published and the citation follows:

Friedman, D.B., Gibson, A., Torres, W., Irizarry, J., Rodriguez, J., Tang, W., & Kannaley, K. (2016 Epub). Increasing community awareness about Alzheimer’s disease in Puerto Rico through coffee shop education and social media. Journal of Community Health (DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0183-9).

Update from the South Carolina Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network II
The South Carolina Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network II (SC-CPCRN) implemented the 2016-2017 Community Health Intervention Program (CHIP) Mini Grants Program to link community-based and/or faith-based organizations to local federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) to implement evidence-based programs to increase CRC screening rates. The SC-CPCRN hosted a meet and greet breakfast for grantees and their partners on April 14, 2016. $5,000 mini-grants were awarded to Trinity Baptist Church and Rembert Area Community Coalition.

Writers: Nathan Peters, Caroline Dunn, and Danielle Schoffman

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This publication was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number U48-DP-001936 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC.

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