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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
PREVENTION RESEARCH CENTER NOTES
"Promoting Health Through Physical Activity"
It’s a new year -- time to make resolutions to eat
less, exercise more, lose the excess pounds that have been creeping
up. In this issue we provide information about exercise machines,
ways to get a workout without getting outside, and a review of studies
that show regular activity is good for your health. Recently, I
was asked to reflect about the key influences of the fitness industry
in the 20th Century and what would be the trends would be for the
21st Century. It is a thought provoking question – hopefully in
the future we will see communities begin to adopt policies and modify
environments that are supportive of people being active in their
neighborhoods, at school, and in everyday activities. Best wishes
for a new beginning and for great things to happen in the 21st Century.
Barbara Ainsworth, PhD, MPH, Director
Dennis Shepard, MAT, CHES, Deputy Director
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This and past issues of the “University of South Carolina Prevention
Research Center Notes” are available at our website. If you have
an item you’d like to submit, please send it to Regina Fields, newsletter
editor, at RMFields@sc.edu. For
continuing discussions about physical activity and public health,
join the “Physical Activity and Public Health On-Line Network.”
Check out our website for instructions on joining.
http://prevention.sph.sc.edu
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IN THIS ISSUE – December 1999/January 2000
NEWS YOU CAN USE: Exercise Machines, Cabin Fever, Year 2000
Health Observances
WHAT’S HAPPENING IN WASHINGTON: PEP Act
RESEARCH NOTES: PA, Diabetes, and Older Women; Community-based
PA Intervention; PA and Gallstones, An End Point to the Stages?
REPORTS, SURVEYS, GUIDELINES, RESOURCES: Guide to Transportation
Enhancements, Guide to Bicycle Advocacy
UPCOMING CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS: Frontrunners II Conference:
“Breaking Down the Barriers to Physical Activity,” AAPHERD Convention,
18th National Conference on Health Promotion and Public Health Education,
APHA call for Abstracts
WEBSITES OF INTEREST: Electronic Resources for Evaluators,
Trails and Greenways Clearinghouse
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NEWS YOU CAN USE
EXERCISE MACHINES: Thinking about buying a home exercise machine
to help out with that New Year’s Resolution? “Consumer Reports”
found that among exercise machine owners, people who have motorized
treadmills used them more often and were more satisfied. About two
thirds of stationary bike or ski machine owners seldom or never
used them. Of course, it’s not necessary to buy a machine to get
a good workout at home. Many other options are available. (From
“Consumer Reports on Health,” November 1999)
CABIN FEVER: Getting bored with your regular workout? Got
cabin fever in these winter months? Here’s an idea for a fun indoor
or outdoor moderate activity: juggling! Juggling is a 4-MET activity,
burning about 45 calories in 10 minutes for a 150-pound person.
The Juggling Information Service (www.juggling.org
) provides a large amount of information about the activity, including
instructions for beginners (the first topic in the “Juggling Help”
section). The best suggestion – start with beanbags, not balls!
YEAR 2000 HEALTH OBSERVANCES: The US Dept. of Health and
Human Services’ National Health Information Center provides a complete
list of National Health Observances at
http://www.healthfinder.gov/library/nho/nho.asp. Some of the
observances related to physical activity include American Heart
Month (February), National Running and Fitness Week (May 14 – 20),
Walk a Child to School Week (October 2 – 6), and National Diabetes
Month (November). Nationally recognized observances are an excellent
time for advocates to contact local media about physical activity.
WHAT’S HAPPENING IN WASHINGTON
PEP ACT: The National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity
“State Times” newsletter reports that due to tight budget restrictions,
no action will be taken on the Physical Education for Progress (PEP)
Act this year, but it will continue to be considered as part of
the Labor, Health and Human Services Appropriations Bill. PEP was
introduced in the Senate and referred to the Senate Health, Education,
Labor, and Pensions Committee on May 27, 1999. The bill, S. 1159,
would provide grants and contracts to local educational agencies
to initiate, expand, and improve physical education programs for
all kindergarten through 12th grade students. Sen. Ted Stevens of
Alaska is the sponsor, and other sponsors are sought. For information,
see http://www.aahperd.org/naspe/template.cfm?template=pep.html.
RESEARCH NOTES
PA, DIABETES, AND OLDER WOMEN: Beginning in 1986, researchers
followed over 34,000 women over age 55 for 12 years, in the Iowa Women’s
Health Study Cohort. Participants were asked about their health status,
diet and physical activity as well as other health behaviors. Consistent
with results of other studies of physical activity and diabetes, it
was found that physical activity reduced the risk of diabetes in these
older women. A greater frequency or intensity of activity led to a
greater reduction in risk. See Folsom, et al. “Physical Activity and
Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Postmenopausal Women.” American Journal
of Public Health, January 2000, 90(1):134-138.
COMMUNITY-BASED PA INTERVENTION: The physical activity interventions
conducted as part of the Pawtucket, Rhode Island, Heart Health Program
in 1982 - 1993 resulted in no observable changes in the prevalence
of physical inactivity as compared with a comparison community. No
differences were seen in self-reported knowledge of the benefits of
physical activity or in the attempts to increase exercise, as well.
The researchers note that only about 10 percent of the Pawtucket population
participated in the intervention programs, and a large percentage
of participants were younger women, so most of the population was
not reached with the intervention programs. The authors suggest that
future interventions should include a wider range of individuals,
and should include environmental and policy approaches to increasing
physical activity. See Eaton, et al. “Effects of a Community-Based
Intervention on Physical Activity: The Pawtucket Heart Health Program.”
American Journal of Public Health, November 1999, 89(11):1741-1744.
PA AND GALLSTONES: Both vigorous and moderate physical activity
significantly reduced the risk of having surgery for gallstones, among
a cohort of women in the Nurses Health Study, even after taking into
account body weight and other potentially related factors . Two to
three hours of recreational physical activity per week reduced the
risk by about 20 percent. See Leitzmann et al. “Recreational Physical
Activity and the Risk of Cholecystectomy in Women.” New England Journal
of Medicine, September 9, 1999, 341(11):777-784.
AN END POINT TO THE STAGES?: Is behavior change ever “complete”?
A researcher at Oregon State University proposed a sixth Stage of
Change for physical activity, to correspond with the “Termination”
stage found for addictive behaviors. The author proposes that the
“Transformed” stage occurs when physical activity has been maintained
for five or more years. Differences between stages were found when
a survey was administered to members of the Michigan Association for
Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, supporting this
premise. See BJ Cardinal, “Extended Stage Model of Physical Activity
Behavior.” Journal of Human Movement Studies, 1999, 37:37-54.
REPORTS, SURVEYS, GUIDELINES, RESOURCES
GUIDE TO TRANSPORTATION ENHANCEMENTS: This guidebook is published
by the National Transportation Enhancements Clearinghouse (NTEC)
under contract of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and
Rails-to-Trails. This 32-page booklet features highlights of FHWA
guidelines, project application tips, plus 21 case studies. For
a free copy of the booklet or FHWA’s interim guidance, contact NTEC
at 1-888-388-6832 or through the NTEC web site at:
http://www.enhancements.org.
GUIDE TO BICYCLE ADVOCACY: The Bikes Belong Coalition and
the Bicycle Federation of America have released a new “Guide to
Bicycle Advocacy.” The handbook is a tool to making communities
more bicycle-friendly, and includes information on how bicycle projects
are funded, and tools for successful advocacy. Limited copies are
available at no charge by e-mailing
mail@bikesbelong.org, or calling 617-734-2800.
UPCOMING CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOP FRONTRUNNERS II:
BREAKING DOWN THE BARRIERS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: The Robert
Wood Johnson Foundation and the Richmond City Dept. of Public Health
will be sponsoring this conference on March 9-10, 2000 in Richmond,
Virginia. This conference will explore environmental/policy barriers
to being more active. A goal of the conference is that participants
would be better equipped to identify and eliminate barriers in their
community. For more information please contact Dr. Mike Welch in
Richmond at (804) 646-3175. AAHPERD
CONVENTION: The annual National Convention and Exposition
of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation
and Dance will be held March 21 – 25, 2000 in Orlando, Florida.
Sessions include Social Marketing, Cultural Influences on the Participation
of Girls and Women in Sport and Physical Education, Advocacy, and
dozens of hands on sessions for health, dance, recreation and physical
educators. A complete list of sessions along with registration information
is available at http://www.aahperd.org/convention/template.cfm?template=main.html.
For a brochure, call 1-800-213-7193.
HEALTH PROMOTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION: The 18th National
Conference on Health Promotion and Public Health Education and the
2000 SOPHE Midyear Scientific Meeting with be held May 16-19, 2000
in Denver, Colorado at the Adams Mark Hotel. This year’s conference
theme is “Health Promotion Excellence in the New Century: Ascending
New Heights.” Sponsors include: the Dept. of Health and Human Services/Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, the Association of State and
Territorial Directors of Health Promotion and Public Health Education
(ASTDHPPHE), and the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE).
Information is available at
http://www.sophe.org or
http://www.astdhpphe.org.
AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION: The APHA is announcing
a call for abstracts for its 128th annual meeting to be held November
12-16, 2000 in Boston, Massachusetts. This year’s theme is “Eliminating
Health Disparities.” Abstracts are due February 1, 2000. Information
regarding submissions is available via the APHA abstract web page
at http://apha.confex.com/oasys.htm.
For more information on the APHA, their web page address is:
http://apha.org.
WEBSITES OF INTEREST
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES FOR EVALUATORS: This web site has numerous
links to evaluation related sites which include: Links to People
& Organizations, Links to Online Journals and Resources, Links
to Evaluation Tools & Data, Links to Training, Jobs & Funding,
and other Favorites. The resources were compiled by Catherine Elwell,
a doctoral candidate and staff member in Educational Research and
Evaluation at Utah State University. http://www.usu.edu/
TRAILS AND GREENWAYS CLEARINGHOUSE: This web site, under
the efforts of the Conservation Fund and Rails To Trails, is a “one
stop source” for trail and greenway information and technical assistance.
Resources that can be found at this web site include: fact sheets,
studies or general information on advocacy, fund-raising, design,
management and other issues, and online exchanges with other trail
and greenway advocates.
http://www.trailsandgreenways.org/
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Prevention Research Center
Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
730 Devine Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
803-777-4253
Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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